Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal and metabolic condition affecting roughly 1 in 8 women of reproductive age. It is characterized by some combination of irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgen levels, polycystic ovarian morphology, and disturbances in insulin signaling.
In May 2026, a global consensus published in The Lancet and announced by the Endocrine Society formally renamed the condition polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) to better reflect its multisystem nature — interrelated disturbances in insulin, androgens, neuroendocrine hormones, and metabolism.
Insulin resistance is a central feature of the condition, present in a majority of those affected. When cells respond less well to insulin, both glucose and insulin levels rise, which can drive higher androgen production and interfere with ovulation.
Dietary patterns with the strongest supporting evidence include Mediterranean-style eating, DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), and low-glycemic-index approaches. These share a common emphasis on whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, fish, and unsaturated fats, with limited refined carbohydrate and added sugar. Adequate fiber and protein at meals helps moderate post-meal glucose and insulin responses.
Because metabolic profile, weight, and reproductive goals vary widely between individuals with PCOS / PMOS, nutrition care is most effective when individualized and combined with regular physical activity.